Types of Mold

There are hundreds of different species of mold fungi that we encounter, either in nature or infesting our homes, many of which can pose serious health risks if allowed to accumulate in the places we inhabit.  If you find yourself facing a possible infestation, it is important to determine what sort of mold you are facing, so that you may accurately assess the threat level that the particular mold type poses, and what you should do to prevent it.

Aspergillus molds, which manifest as round, black and yellow growths, love oxygen, and tend to proliferate around foods that are carbon rich, such as those that contain sugars.  You will most likely find them around bread and potatoes, as well as on many kinds of plants.  Even in areas with no nutrients whatsoever to foster growth, aspergillus molds have been known to thrive.  One species of this mold type commonly grows on damp walls, and produces a loathsome mildew.  Some aspergillus molds are responsible for serious diseases that afflict both animals and human beings, which most often manifest as respiratory conditions.  However, only those who have weakened immune systems or are already suffering from some other lung illness are at significant risk from an aspergillus infection.

Cladosporium molds usually show up as a powdery growth that is either dark green or black in color.  These species grow on food, dead plants, fiberglass air ducts, textiles and paint.  Though not as dangerous as other types, these molds are usually the culprits for nail infections, skin lesions, sinusitis, asthma attacks and pulmonary conditions in remote instances.

Stachybotrys mold appears as a black, slimy substance, and is often referred to as toxic black mold.  This type flourishes in water-damaged, cellulose-rich material, which is why it most often shows up on insulation backing, wallpaper, sheet rock and ceiling tiles.  In many instances, the water damage that fostered stachybotrys growth has gone unnoticed or untreated for long periods of time.  This neglect can be fatal, as stachybotrys mold produces mycotoxins, which are extremely deadly, and are suspected to be responsible for the formation of cancer and the weakening of one’s immune system.  Breathing in or touching this mold can place you at risk of dermatitis, various respiratory ailments, headaches, fever and symptoms typically associated with colds or the flu. 

Fusarium mold is usually found in the presence of soil or on a wide variety of plants, and appears pinkish on affected crops.  Consequently, it finds its way into homes through humidifiers, water-damaged carpets, or by eating contaminated grains that have been infested with this mold.  Fusarium affects humans by inflicting nail, eye and skin infections, but in lethal quantities, it is responsible for a horrific condition known as alimentary toxic aleukia, which causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and massive internal bleeding.

Alternaria mold is another common unwanted home visitor, commonly found on soil and plants, and responsible for a significant percentage of agricultural spoilage.  Alternaria is reviled for its tendency to cause allergic reactions in those who inhale it or accidentally ingest it, though serious infections are fairly rare unless the person’s immune system has been compromised.

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